MEASURING CHILDREN’S TIME USE: A REVIEW OF METHODOLOGIES AND FINDINGS

For those interested in child wellbeing, time use can provide an unusually objective measure of exactly what youth are doing. Before we can evaluate how well children are doing and why some are doing better than others, it is important to understand what they are doing, with whom, and in which social contexts and institutions. The report is intended to serve as a basic starting point for those interested in pursuing research in children and adolescents’ time use. It presents an overview of recent research on how American youth use time, focusing on methodological issues in measuring their time use and highlighting substantive findings from the literature. The procedures, advantages, and disadvantages of the three primary methods of measuring children’s time use, along with general issues which are relevant to all three methods, are discussed. Findings include general results about how youth divide their time between life’s domains such as work, maintenance, and leisure, relationships between time use and outcomes, and how youth differ in time use by race, class, gender, and age, with special attention paid to the area which has inspired the most time-use research, girls’ and boys’ household work.

Environmental modelling of the Chief Information Officer

Since the introduction of the term in the 1980’s, the role of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) has been widely researched. Various perceptions and dimensions of the role have been explored and debated. However, the explosion in data proliferation (and the inevitable resulting information fuelled change) further complicates organisational expectations of the CIOs role. If organisations are to competitively exploit the digital trend, then those charged with recruiting and developing CIOs now need to be more effective in determining (and shaping) CIO traits and attributes, within the context of their own organisational circumstances and in line with stakeholder expectations. CIOs also need to determine their own suitability and progression within their chosen organisation if they are to remain motivated and effective. Before modelling the role of the future CIO, it is necessary to synthesise our current knowledge (and the lessons learnt) about the CIO. This paper, therefore, aims to identify and summate the spectrum of key researched ‘themes’ pertaining to the role of the CIO. Summating previous research, themes are modelled around four key CIO ‘dimensions’, namely (1) Impacting factors, (2) Controlling factors (3) Responses and (4) CIO ‘attributes’. Having modelled the CIOs current environment, and recognising the evolving IT enabled information landscape, the authors call for further research to inform the recruitment and development of the future CIO in terms of personal attributes and the measurable impact such attributes will have on their respective organisation

Neighborhood Violence and Adolescent Friendship

This paper investigates the social consequences of neighborhood violence. Using ego-centered friendship network data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a survey of adolescents in the United States in the mid-1990s, it examines the relationship between neighborhood violence and the quantity, closeness, and composition of adolescent same-sex friendships. Though neighborhood violence is unrelated to quantity and closeness net of individual and family characteristics, it predicts boys’ friendships with individuals who no longer attend school (who are presumably older or have dropped out of school) and predicts boys’ and girls’ friendships with individuals who attend other schools. These results are consistent with the theory that violence and fear of victimization focus adolescents’ social attention on their neighborhoods and lead them to develop friendships with individuals who can help them to stay safe. By structuring who adolescents interact with, neighborhood violence may play a role in determining the cultural messages and ideals to which they are exposed

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationGranular diamond composites are particulate reinforced composites, where the particulate phase is a grade of high-hardness polycrystalline diamond, embedded in a tougher, hard-material matrix. Granular diamond composites are hierarchically-structured materials. In addition to the macrostructure and microstructure, granular diamond composites have a mesostructure that encompasses the morphology of the matrix and granules and is characterized by parameters such as component volume fraction, granular sphericity, and matrix uniformity. The mesostructure is functionally designed to improve the performance of the composite in petroleum well-drilling applications by increasing the fracture resistance while maintaining the wear resistance. The impact of the mesostructure on the flexural strength, wear resistance, impact resistance, and in-field performance was measured. Physical testing showed that volume fraction of the tougher, matrix phase can be increased significantly before the wear resistance of the composite decreases appreciably. But the testing also showed that the method developed to produce the composites resulted in component materials with inferior properties. The flexural strength of a polycrystalline-diamond/tungsten-carbide material system was explored using several modeling techniques, including analytic, two-dimensional numeric, and three-dimensional numeric models. Residual stresses, arising from the change in conditions after the material is formed in a high-temperature, high-pressure sintering process, have a significant impact on the calculated strength of the composite. Dilatational residual stresses have never been treated in a rigorous manner in the literature and are often neglected completely. In this study, the thermal and dilatational residual stresses were modeled. Stresses from externally applied loads preferentially concentrate in the stiffer diamond phase. Thermal residual stresses strengthen the stiffer and weaker diamond phase through residual compression and weaken the carbide phase through residual tension. The dilatational residual stresses partially counteract the thermal residual stresses. Without thermal residual stresses the composite would have lower strength due to premature failure in the diamond phase. Without dilatational residual stresses the composite would have lower strength due to premature failure in the carbide phase. The strengths predicted by the enhanced models match the measured strengths quite well, despite significant uncertainty in the material properties and process parameters

Evolution and change in palliative care around the world

Palliative care developed in the later part of the 20th century as a social movement and medical speciality. Central to its modern development were the ideas of Dr Cicely Saunders, whose vision for improving the care of the dying encompassed the physical, psychological, social and spiritual domains while emphasizing the importance of rigorous clinical practice, training and research. St Christopher’s Hospice, which she founded, inspired generations of practitioners and influenced the expansion of hospices nationally and internationally. Terminal care evolved into the discipline of palliative care, which applied holistic principles to the care of those earlier in their disease trajectory and in different settings, such as hospitals and the community. Some countries now have national strategies for palliative care that are supported by government. Palliative care attracts increasing attention as an aspect of the public health system and there are calls for access to it to be recognized as a human right. Yet around the world, palliative care is not uniformly developed and it needs to press hard to secure full integration with prevailing health policies. Palliative care still reaches only a tiny proportion of those who could benefit from it, especially those with diseases other than cancer. The global challenge for palliative care in the 21st century is to develop models and coverage appropriate to those in need, whatever their diagnosis, income or setti

The regime of Isabella and Mortimer 1326 - 1330

The rule of the Despensers was brought to an end in 1326 by a coalition of magnates, churchmen and Londoners, drawn together by the invasion of Isabella and Mortimer. A carefully orchestrated demand for the removal of Edward II led to his deposition and ultimately to his murder at Mortimer's direction. Power was centralised in the hands of Isabella and Mortimer who took no steps to broaden the basis of their government. While returning confiscated lands to their supporters, they offered them little else in the way of reward but accumulated land to their own use, Crown land in the case of Isabella and an empire on the Welsh March in the case of Mortimer. Disillusioned by this and by their exclusion from government, the constituent parts of the coalition fell apart. Active opposition which had begun in Edward II's lifetime culminated in Lancaster's abortive rebellion of 1328-29. The effective suppression of this meant that opposition was stifled by the imposition of recognisances and because several barons fled abroad. This success merely served to increase Mortimer's arrogance and in 1330 he successfully engineered the downfall of Edward III's uncle, the earl of Kent. In foreign affairs, the failure of the Weardale campaign against the Scots and the unpopular peace of Northampton, coupled with a temporising and indecisive policy towards France over the questions of Gascony and homage, increased hostility towards the government. At home violent unrest continued and an improvident and irresponsible attitude to national finance involved heavy borrowing at a time when Mortimer lived in extravagant state. Faced by this misgovernment and fearing that Mortimer now aimed at royal power, Edward III built his own supporting group around him. When the opportunity came he struck swiftly at Mortimer, sending him to execution and Isabella into retirement

McLean Sea-land Service and related services

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston Universit

Brooksville Shipping Receipt: Anna Gardner, April 1859

https://digitalmaine.com/blue_hill_documents/1113/thumbnail.jp

White paper – On the use of LiDAR data at AmeriFlux sites

Our aim is to inform the AmeriFlux community on existing and upcoming LiDAR technologies (atmospheric Doppler or Raman LiDAR often deployed at flux sites are not considered here), how it is currently used at flux sites, and how we believe it could, in the future, further contribute to the AmeriFlux vision. Heterogeneity in vegetation and ground properties at various spatial scales is omnipresent at flux sites, and 3D mapping of canopy, understory, and ground surface can help move the science forward